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By Dr. M. A. Dan-Hassan ABSTRACT Boreholes are among Nigeria’s most important pathways to groundwater, particularly where public water systems are unreliable or absent. Yet a borehole that produces water is not necessarily a successful water-supply asset. Failure may occur through unsuccessful drilling, low or declining yield, excessive drawdown, defective construction, pump and electromechanical breakdown, contamination, poor operation and maintenance, or institutional weaknesses. The implications extend beyond engineering performance. When a protected water point fails, households may shift to less reliable or less safe sources, reducing water availability for hygiene and sanitation and potentially increasing exposure to microbial or chemical…